Agricultural films, such as mulch films and greenhouse films, are indispensable materials in modern agriculture. They effectively improve the growing environment for crops and increase agricultural yields.
However, improper disposal of waste agricultural films can lead to severe environmental pollution. Agricultural film recycling not only reduces environmental impact but also facilitates resource reuse, offering significant economic and ecological benefits. This article explores the challenges and methods.
What is Agricultural Film?
Agricultural film is a type of plastic sheeting used in farming and horticulture to enhance crop productivity and protect plants. Made from materials like polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), these films serve various purposes, such as:
- Mulching
- Greenhouses
- Silage Wraps
- Row Covers
Challenges in Agricultural Film Recycling
Pollution Issues
Agricultural films are often exposed to fields for long periods, accumulating dirt, pesticides, fertilizers, and other contaminants on their surfaces. These pollutants increase the difficulty of recycling and processing.
Aging and Damage
Agricultural films that have been used for extended periods tend to age and become brittle, especially when exposed to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. These films may break into fragments, further complicating collection and cleanup.
Material Mixing
Different materials are used in agricultural films, such as PE and EVA. Mixed materials require sorting during recycling, which adds to the complexity and cost of the process.
Incomplete Recycling Systems
In many regions, comprehensive recycling systems for agricultural films have not yet been established. Farmers may lack awareness of recycling practices, leading to waste films being scattered across fields, making centralized collection more challenging.
Methods for Recycling Agricultural Films
- Field Collection: Recycling begins with the collection of waste films from fields. Farmers must clean and store the films promptly after harvesting crops.
- Sorting: Collected films need to be sorted to separate different materials and heavily polluted films.
- Shredding: The film is first crushed through a shredder into small sized pieces for subsequent cleaning and granulation.
- Lavando: The soil, pesticides and other attachments are then removed by washing equipment to ensure the quality of subsequent processing.
- Secagem: Subsequently, dewatering machines or drying equipment are used to reduce the moisture content in preparation for pelletizing.
- Pelletizing and Reuse: The treated film fragments are fed into máquinas de pelotização, where they are melted and extruded into recycled plastic pellets. These pellets can be used to manufacture new agricultural films, plastic pipes, packaging materials, and more, completing the cycle of resource reuse.
Benefits of Agricultural Film Recycling
Environmental Benefits
Agricultural film recycling reduces plastic waste left in fields, preventing soil pollution and ecological damage. It also mitigates the negative environmental impact of burning or landfilling plastic waste.
Economic Value
Recycled agricultural films can be processed into high-value plastic raw materials, reducing production costs and providing economic benefits for farmers and recycling companies.
In summary, agricultural films are difficult to recycle, but they can be effectively recycled using the correct granulation method.